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Jiaozuo is a prefecture-level city in northern Henan province, China. Sitting on the northern bank of the Yellow River, it borders the provincial capital of Zhengzhou to the south, Xinxiang to the east, Jiyuan to the west, Luoyang to the southwest, and the province of Shanxi to the north. The city was founded on an industrial site left by the British after the First and Second Opium Wars (1839–1860). Jiaozuo was established as a city in 1953. Mao Zedong has written praise about the hard work of people from Jiaozuo in the coal industry. Located in the transition area between Taihang Mountains and Northern Henan Plain, the city is higher in north and lower in south. Many types of landform co-exist in this area, including mountains, plains, depressions, hills and lowlands.