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Mudanjiang is a prefecture-level city in southernmost Heilongjiang province, People's Republic of China. It was called Botankou under Japanese occupation. Situated in southeastern Heilongjiang Province, Mudanjiang City is bounded on the south by Jilin Province, and neighbors Russia in the East, adjacent to the Sea of Japan. It is about about 358 kilometers southeast of the capital city of Heilongjiang, Harbin. Mudanjiang, also called Mudan Ula by Manchu, stands for a meandrous river. In the 2,300 years from the Shang Dynasty (16th-11th century) to Sui Dynasty (581-618), it was inhabited by the ancestors of the Manchu. The central government began to administrate this area in the Tang Dynasty (618-907) and it was one of the headstreams of the uprising of the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911). The city gains its name for the Mudanjiang River flowing through it. The city is surrounded by mountains, flat in the central part. Mountainous and hilly areas constitute the main landform of the city. The eastern part belongs to the Changbai Mountain area, and the central land is the valley-basin of Mudanjiang River.